Federal Reserve

Watch this clip, right near the end.  4:30 into the clip onward.

Yes, Ron Paul went off on quite the rant.

But that last minute......

The Federal Reserve has the authority to buy the debt of any foreign government, essentially obligating The US Taxpayer to bail them out!

Bernanke says he has no plans, but notice that he did not say they have never done such a thing.

Hmmm.... two-line bill to revoke that BS anyone?

Anyone?

I know, it's not called Humprey-Hawkins any more.  Call me old-fashioned.

Here's my view on Bernanke's comments - Bernanke's comments are in italics and indented, mine are plain text:

Chairman Frank, Ranking Member Bachus, and other members of the Committee, I am pleased to present the Federal Reserve's semiannual Monetary Policy Report to the Congress. I will begin today with some comments on the outlook for the economy and for monetary policy, then touch briefly on several other important issues.

The Economic Outlook
Although the recession officially began more than two years ago, U.S. economic activity contracted particularly sharply following the intensification of the global financial crisis in the fall of 2008.

We created a mess with more than 20 years of intentional pumping of risk assets and an ever-present lowering of the Federal Funds Rate on an average basis.  We held that rate intentionally low through the provision of excess liquidity so as to cause credit growth beyond the growth rate of the economy.  This is, as I have said before, a direct violation of The Fed's primary mandate, which is not to "manage interest rates" but rather to match long-term credit aggregates to growth so that growth potential is maximized without creating dangerous inflationary pressures.

Instead, we allowed those pressures to run rampant, but in active conspiracy with Congress and the BLS, we hid the effects.  Specifically, CPI-U does not include actual home prices but rather "Owner's Equivalent Rent" which is cleverly constructed so that lower interest coverage costs result in a false deflationary contribution.  This, along with other intentional distortions, allowed us to hide the hyperinflation in home prices that we intentionally caused.

Concerted efforts by the Federal Reserve, the Treasury Department, and other U.S. authorities to stabilize the financial system, together with highly stimulative monetary and fiscal policies, helped arrest the decline and are supporting a nascent economic recovery. Indeed, the U.S. economy expanded at about a 4 percent annual rate during the second half of last year.

The US economy didn't expand at all.  Instead, the government borrowed and spent money.  Of course in the real world when you borrow you are poorer, not richer, but we don't keep our books the same way everyone else does.  After all, we're the government.

A significant portion of that growth, however, can be attributed to the progress firms made in working down unwanted inventories of unsold goods, which left them more willing to increase production. As the impetus provided by the inventory cycle is temporary, and as the fiscal support for economic growth likely will diminish later this year, a sustained recovery will depend on continued growth in private-sector final demand for goods and services.

There is no private-sector final demand.  Proof is found in the fact that the government has blown $2 trillion beyond tax confiscations, er, receipts, or roughly 14% of annual GDP, in the last 18 months to falsely inflate said final demand.

Private final demand does seem to be growing at a moderate pace, buoyed in part by a general improvement in financial conditions. In particular, consumer spending has recently picked up, reflecting gains in real disposable income and household wealth and tentative signs of stabilization in the labor market. Business investment in equipment and software has risen significantly. And international trade--supported by a recovery in the economies of many of our trading partners--is rebounding from its deep contraction of a year ago. However, starts of single-family homes, which rose noticeably this past spring, have recently been roughly flat, and commercial construction is declining sharply, reflecting poor fundamentals and continued difficulty in obtaining financing.

We count "transfer payments" (that is, government borrow-and-spend) in those final demand figures, even though doing so is fraudulent.  Didn't you catch my "it's great to the be the government" up above?

The job market has been hit especially hard by the recession, as employers reacted to sharp sales declines and concerns about credit availability by deeply cutting their workforces in late 2008 and in 2009. Some recent indicators suggest the deterioration in the labor market is abating: Job losses have slowed considerably, and the number of full-time jobs in manufacturing rose modestly in January. Initial claims for unemployment insurance have continued to trend lower, and the temporary services industry, often considered a bellwether for the employment outlook, has been expanding steadily since October. Notwithstanding these positive signs, the job market remains quite weak, with the unemployment rate near 10 percent and job openings scarce. Of particular concern, because of its long-term implications for workers' skills and wages, is the increasing incidence of long-term unemployment; indeed, more than 40 percent of the unemployed have been out of work six months or more, nearly double the share of a year ago.

It's impossible to find a job - except as a Census worker.

Increases in energy prices resulted in a pickup in consumer price inflation in the second half of last year, but oil prices have flattened out over recent months, and most indicators suggest that inflation likely will be subdued for some time. Slack in labor and product markets has reduced wage and price pressures in most markets, and sharp increases in productivity have further reduced producers' unit labor costs. The cost of shelter, which receives a heavy weight in consumer price indexes, is rising very slowly, reflecting high vacancy rates. In addition, according to most measures, longer-term inflation expectations have remained relatively stable.

When we pump liquidity, people speculate.  They have speculated in energy markets.  We like this and are heartened by the fact that not too many old people froze to death in their homes over the winter.  Oh wait - winter isn't over yet, right?  Uhhh....

The improvement in financial markets that began last spring continues. Conditions in short-term funding markets have returned to near pre-crisis levels. Many (mostly larger) firms have been able to issue corporate bonds or new equity and do not seem to be hampered by a lack of credit. In contrast, bank lending continues to contract, reflecting both tightened lending standards and weak demand for credit amid uncertain economic prospects.

Free money and carry trades make a lot of money for Wall Street.  Unfortunately they asset-strip the rest of the economy, but we never talk about that.  Kiss a bankster - including me please.  Left and right cheeks only (and I'll choose which cheeks - bawhaha.)

In conjunction with the January meeting of the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC), Board members and Reserve Bank presidents prepared projections for economic growth, unemployment, and inflation for the years 2010 through 2012 and over the longer run. The contours of these forecasts are broadly similar to those I reported to the Congress last July. FOMC participants continue to anticipate a moderate pace of economic recovery, with economic growth of roughly 3 to 3-1/2 percent in 2010 and 3-1/2 to 4-1/2 percent in 2011. Consistent with moderate economic growth, participants expect the unemployment rate to decline only slowly, to a range of roughly 6-1/2 to 7-1/2 percent by the end of 2012, still well above their estimate of the long-run sustainable rate of about 5 percent. Inflation is expected to remain subdued, with consumer prices rising at rates between 1 and 2 percent in 2010 through 2012. In the longer term, inflation is expected to be between 1-3/4 and 2 percent, the range that most FOMC participants judge to be consistent with the Federal Reserve's dual mandate of price stability and maximum employment.

The Federal Reserve's mandate is always falsely stated in front of you guys.  You never call us on it.  You're stupid and I'm laughing at you.  In public.  Isn't it grand?  (PS: The actual mandate is US Code Title 12, Chp 3, Sub1, Section 225a, if you care to look)

Monetary Policy
Over the past year, the Federal Reserve has employed a wide array of tools to promote economic recovery and preserve price stability. The target for the federal funds rate has been maintained at a historically low range of 0 to 1/4 percent since December 2008. The FOMC continues to anticipate that economic conditions--including low rates of resource utilization, subdued inflation trends, and stable inflation expectations--are likely to warrant exceptionally low levels of the federal funds rate for an extended period.

Gotta keep that bubble going - if we can.  Unfortunately, we can't.  Oops. 

To provide support to mortgage lending and housing markets and to improve overall conditions in private credit markets, the Federal Reserve is in the process of purchasing $1.25 trillion of agency mortgage-backed securities and about $175 billion of agency debt. We have been gradually slowing the pace of these purchases in order to promote a smooth transition in markets and anticipate that these transactions will be completed by the end of March. The FOMC will continue to evaluate its purchases of securities in light of the evolving economic outlook and conditions in financial markets.

It didn't work.  Math is such a bitch.

In response to the substantial improvements in the functioning of most financial markets, the Federal Reserve is winding down the special liquidity facilities it created during the crisis. On February 1, a number of these facilities, including credit facilities for primary dealers, lending programs intended to help stabilize money market mutual funds and the commercial paper market, and temporary liquidity swap lines with foreign central banks, were allowed to expire.¹ The only remaining lending program for multiple borrowers created under the Federal Reserve's emergency authorities, the Term Asset-Backed Securities Loan Facility, is scheduled to close on March 31 for loans backed by all types of collateral except newly issued commercial mortgage-backed securities (CMBS) and on June 30 for loans backed by newly issued CMBS.

Again, it didn't work.  We tried to get the real estate bubble going again, but it's popped.  Do you have better duct tape laying around somewhere we can use - this crap we bought at Home Depot doesn't hold up to us trying to pump it again - we keep getting results like this:

In addition to closing its special facilities, the Federal Reserve is normalizing its lending to commercial banks through the discount window. The final auction of discount-window funds to depositories through the Term Auction Facility, which was created in the early stages of the crisis to improve the liquidity of the banking system, will occur on March 8. Last week we announced that the maximum term of discount window loans, which was increased to as much as 90 days during the crisis, would be returned to overnight for most banks, as it was before the crisis erupted in August 2007. To discourage banks from relying on the discount window rather than private funding markets for short-term credit, last week we also increased the discount rate by 25 basis points, raising the spread between the discount rate and the top of the target range for the federal funds rate to 50 basis points. These changes, like the closure of most of the special lending facilities earlier this month, are in response to the improved functioning of financial markets, which has reduced the need for extraordinary assistance from the Federal Reserve. These adjustments are not expected to lead to tighter financial conditions for households and businesses and should not be interpreted as signaling any change in the outlook for monetary policy, which remains about the same as it was at the time of the January meeting of the FOMC.

See above.

Although the federal funds rate is likely to remain exceptionally low for an extended period, as the expansion matures, the Federal Reserve will at some point need to begin to tighten monetary conditions to prevent the development of inflationary pressures. Notwithstanding the substantial increase in the size of its balance sheet associated with its purchases of Treasury and agency securities, we are confident that we have the tools we need to firm the stance of monetary policy at the appropriate time.²

We're lying.  But that's ok, because as noted, you're too damn gullible to figure it out.

Most importantly, in October 2008 the Congress gave statutory authority to the Federal Reserve to pay interest on banks' holdings of reserve balances at Federal Reserve Banks. By increasing the interest rate on reserves, the Federal Reserve will be able to put significant upward pressure on all short-term interest rates. Actual and prospective increases in short-term interest rates will be reflected in turn in longer-term interest rates and in financial conditions more generally.

Watch my gums move!

PS: The real 900lb Gorilla in the EESA/TARP bill was the little one-sentence change that allowed me to set the reserve ratio at the banks to zero.  That jackass Denninger caught it, but few others have and you don't listen to him.  Don't worry, banks holding nothing in reserve to back their depositors is not a problem.  Just ask Bernie Madoff.

The Federal Reserve has also been developing a number of additional tools to reduce the large quantity of reserves held by the banking system, which will improve the Federal Reserve's control of financial conditions by leading to a tighter relationship between the interest rate paid on reserves and other short-term interest rates. Notably, our operational capacity for conducting reverse repurchase agreements, a tool that the Federal Reserve has historically used to absorb reserves from the banking system, is being expanded so that such transactions can be used to absorb large quantities of reserves.³ The Federal Reserve is also currently refining plans for a term deposit facility that could convert a portion of depository institutions' holdings of reserve balances into deposits that are less liquid and could not be used to meet reserve requirements.⁴ In addition, the FOMC has the option of redeeming or selling securities as a means of reducing outstanding bank reserves and applying monetary restraint. Of course, the sequencing of steps and the combination of tools that the Federal Reserve uses as it exits from its currently very accommodative policy stance will depend on economic and financial developments. I provided more discussion of these options and possible sequencing in a recent testimony.⁵

We can't sell jack.  The MBS we bought (unlawfully, I might add) are severely impaired and if we sell them the market for mortgages will collapse.  Therefore, we will do what we always do - can you help me pick up the corner of the rug over here so I can sweep?

Federal Reserve Transparency
The Federal Reserve is committed to ensuring that the Congress and the public have all the information needed to understand our decisions and to be assured of the integrity of our operations. Indeed, on matters related to the conduct of monetary policy, the Federal Reserve is already one of the most transparent central banks in the world, providing detailed records and explanations of its decisions. Over the past year, the Federal Reserve also took a number of steps to enhance the transparency of its special credit and liquidity facilities, including the provision of regular, extensive reports to the Congress and the public; and we have worked closely with the Government Accountability Office (GAO), the Office of the Special Inspector General for the Troubled Asset Relief Program, the Congress, and private-sector auditors on a range of matters relating to these facilities.

Ron Paul is a dangerous asshole and his bill would expose our tampering in the markets.  It might even expose criminal malfeasance.  We can't have that.

While the emergency credit and liquidity facilities were important tools for implementing monetary policy during the crisis, we understand that the unusual nature of those facilities creates a special obligation to assure the Congress and the public of the integrity of their operation. Accordingly, we would welcome a review by the GAO of the Federal Reserve's management of all facilities created under emergency authorities.⁶ In particular, we would support legislation authorizing the GAO to audit the operational integrity, collateral policies, use of third-party contractors, accounting, financial reporting, and internal controls of these special credit and liquidity facilities. The Federal Reserve will, of course, cooperate fully and actively in all reviews. We are also prepared to support legislation that would require the release of the identities of the firms that participated in each special facility after an appropriate delay. It is important that the release occur after a lag that is sufficiently long that investors will not view an institution's use of one of the facilities as a possible indication of ongoing financial problems, thereby undermining market confidence in the institution or discouraging use of any future facility that might become necessary to protect the U.S. economy. An appropriate delay would also allow firms adequate time to inform investors through annual reports and other public documents of their use of Federal Reserve facilities.

Of course our commitment to openness is fully-consistent with our obstructionism both toward Bloomberg in their FOIA lawsuit and with Mr. Townes and Mr. Issa's subpoenas.  We simply need enough time to smash all our hard disks with hammers and shred the paper before you audit us, along with preparing our second set of books. 

Looking ahead, we will continue to work with the Congress in identifying approaches for enhancing the Federal Reserve's transparency that are consistent with our statutory objectives of fostering maximum employment and price stability. In particular, it is vital that the conduct of monetary policy continue to be insulated from short-term political pressures so that the FOMC can make policy decisions in the longer-term economic interests of the American people. Moreover, the confidentiality of discount window lending to individual depository institutions must be maintained so that the Federal Reserve continues to have effective ways to provide liquidity to depository institutions under circumstances where other sources of funding are not available. The Federal Reserve's ability to inject liquidity into the financial system is critical for preserving financial stability and for supporting depositories' key role in meeting the ongoing credit needs of firms and households.

Again, we never mention the actual statute (see above) or what it actually requires (ditto.)

Regulatory Reform
Strengthening our financial regulatory system is essential for the long-term economic stability of the nation. Among the lessons of the crisis are the crucial importance of macroprudential regulation--that is, regulation and supervision aimed at addressing risks to the financial system as a whole--and the need for effective consolidated supervision of every financial institution that is so large or interconnected that its failure could threaten the functioning of the entire financial system.

We willfully ignored the CDS and similar games being played by the big banks, and still are.  If anything goes wrong we'll simply print money!

The Federal Reserve strongly supports the Congress's ongoing efforts to achieve comprehensive financial reform. In the meantime, to strengthen the Federal Reserve's oversight of banking organizations, we have been conducting an intensive self-examination of our regulatory and supervisory responsibilities and have been actively implementing improvements. For example, the Federal Reserve has been playing a key role in international efforts to toughen capital and liquidity requirements for financial institutions, particularly systemically critical firms, and we have been taking the lead in ensuring that compensation structures at banking organizations provide appropriate incentives without encouraging excessive risk-taking.⁷

You must not take our blinders away and give them to anyone else.

The Federal Reserve is also making fundamental changes in its supervision of large, complex bank holding companies, both to improve the effectiveness of consolidated supervision and to incorporate a macroprudential perspective that goes beyond the traditional focus on safety and soundness of individual institutions. We are overhauling our supervisory framework and procedures to improve coordination within our own supervisory staff and with other supervisory agencies and to facilitate more-integrated assessments of risks within each holding company and across groups of companies.

We are handing out new, better, larger and blacker sets of blinders to our staff.  It is most-important that no light get in - or out.

Last spring the Federal Reserve led the successful Supervisory Capital Assessment Program, popularly known as the bank stress tests. An important lesson of that program was that combining on-site bank examinations with a suite of quantitative and analytical tools can greatly improve comparability of the results and better identify potential risks. In that spirit, the Federal Reserve is also in the process of developing an enhanced quantitative surveillance program for large bank holding companies. Supervisory information will be combined with firm-level, market-based indicators and aggregate economic data to provide a more complete picture of the risks facing these institutions and the broader financial system. Making use of the Federal Reserve's unparalleled breadth of expertise, this program will apply a multidisciplinary approach that involves economists, specialists in particular financial markets, payments systems experts, and other professionals, as well as bank supervisors.

We lied about bank stability.  We'll do it again as necessary.

The recent crisis has also underscored the extent to which direct involvement in the oversight of banks and bank holding companies contributes to the Federal Reserve's effectiveness in carrying out its responsibilities as a central bank, including the making of monetary policy and the management of the discount window. Most important, as the crisis has once again demonstrated, the Federal Reserve's ability to identify and address diverse and hard-to-predict threats to financial stability depends critically on the information, expertise, and powers that it has by virtue of being both a bank supervisor and a central bank.

The blind are great at elucidating on the finer points of classical architecture - don't you think?

The Federal Reserve continues to demonstrate its commitment to strengthening consumer protections in the financial services arena. Since the time of the previous Monetary Policy Report in July, the Federal Reserve has proposed a comprehensive overhaul of the regulations governing consumer mortgage transactions, and we are collaborating with the Department of Housing and Urban Development to assess how we might further increase transparency in the mortgage process.⁸ We have issued rules implementing enhanced consumer protections for credit card accounts and private student loans as well as new rules to ensure that consumers have meaningful opportunities to avoid overdraft fees.⁹ In addition, the Federal Reserve has implemented an expanded consumer compliance supervision program for nonbank subsidiaries of bank holding companies and foreign banking organizations.¹⁰

Consumers were violated by a gorilla over the last 20 years.  Our new tool for this job is over there - he's an Arabian, and rather feisty.

More generally, the Federal Reserve is committed to doing all that can be done to ensure that our economy is never again devastated by a financial collapse. We look forward to working with the Congress to develop effective and comprehensive reform of the financial regulatory framework.

After our cronies are done looting the financial system and are in their G-IVs headed for Paraguay, you can bet it will never happen again.

That which no longer exists cannot collapse.

This is a load of crap folks:

For release at 4:30 p.m. EDT

We just made sure that anyone who was long into Options Expiration - which is tomorrow - especially on index options which cannot be hedged or traded now, is screwed.  Just like in August of 2007 when we did the opposite.

The Federal Reserve Board on Thursday announced that in light of continued improvement in financial market conditions it had unanimously approved several modifications to the terms of its discount window lending programs.

Of course we couldn't wait until Friday after the close when it wouldn't hose people - instead, we timed this for maximum pain.

Like the closure of a number of extraordinary credit programs earlier this month, these changes are intended as a further normalization of the Federal Reserve's lending facilities. The modifications are not expected to lead to tighter financial conditions for households and businesses and do not signal any change in the outlook for the economy or for monetary policy, which remains about as it was at the January meeting of the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC). At that meeting, the Committee left its target range for the federal funds rate at 0 to 1/4 percent and said it anticipates that economic conditions are likely to warrant exceptionally low levels of the federal funds rate for an extended period.

We gave no warning either.  Ha ha.  You did wear your titanium plate in your pants, right?

The changes to the discount window facilities include Board approval of requests by the boards of directors of the 12 Federal Reserve Banks to increase the primary credit rate (generally referred to as the discount rate) from 1/2 percent to 3/4 percent. This action is effective on February 19.

That's "right now", in case you didn't figure it out yet.

In addition, the Board announced that, effective on March 18, the typical maximum maturity for primary credit loans will be shortened to overnight. Primary credit is provided by Reserve Banks on a fully secured basis to depository institutions that are in generally sound condition as a backup source of funds. Finally, the Board announced that it had raised the minimum bid rate for the Term Auction Facility (TAF) by 1/4 percentage point to 1/2 percent. The final TAF auction will be on March 8, 2010.

This is something we did warn about, and in addition we're giving notice.  See?  Hope you don't get a margin call in the morning - BOOYA!

Easing the terms of primary credit was one of the Federal Reserve's first responses to the financial crisis. On August 17, 2007, the Federal Reserve reduced the spread of the primary credit rate over the FOMC's target for the federal funds rate to 1/2 percentage point, from 1 percentage point, and lengthened the typical maximum maturity from overnight to 30 days. On December 12, 2007, the Federal Reserve created the TAF to further improve the access of depository institutions to term funding. On March 16, 2008, the Federal Reserve lowered the spread of the primary credit rate over the target federal funds rate to 1/4 percentage point and extended the maximum maturity of primary credit loans to 90 days.

See above.

Subsequently, in response to improving conditions in wholesale funding markets, on June 25, 2009, the Federal Reserve initiated a gradual reduction in TAF auction sizes. As announced on November 17, 2009, and implemented on January 14, 2010, the Federal Reserve began the process of normalizing the terms on primary credit by reducing the typical maximum maturity to 28 days.

The increase in the discount rate announced Thursday widens the spread between the primary credit rate and the top of the FOMC's 0 to 1/4 percent target range for the federal funds rate to 1/2 percentage point. The increase in the spread and reduction in maximum maturity will encourage depository institutions to rely on private funding markets for short-term credit and to use the Federal Reserve's primary credit facility only as a backup source of funds. The Federal Reserve will assess over time whether further increases in the spread are appropriate in view of experience with the 1/2 percentage point spread.

This is something we said we'd do, but heh, you gotta love our timing.  We make a practice of burning people - a few years ago it was the shorts (who were right), this time it's the longs (who were also right - well up until this evening!

BTW, I shorted the close on the technicals in the futures (which if this reverses I can hedge and of course can't lose on now) - the market was heavy and it looked overbought, so you'd think I'd be happy. 

I'm not - this sort of action, whether I personally make money or lose money, is not the point.  The point is that this release was intentionally timed to hurt people, just as was the August 2007 one.

Bernanke and his pals ought to be run out of town on a rail for this sort of repeated abuse.  They seem to think that the markets are their plaything, and all they're doing is destroying confidence with each and every move of this sort.

It is not what you do, it is how you do it, and this sort of thing is just yet another reason why The Fed must be audited.  The timing on this is too damn suspicious - never mind that someone sold a metric ton of SPY right in front of the announcement - literally by seconds, 2 million shares were unloaded.

Betcha you can't find a cop.

Amusing....

Feb. 18 (Bloomberg) -- Federal Reserve officials set a long-term goal to keep only U.S. government securities in their portfolio as they debated how and when to pull back on the most aggressive monetary policy in U.S. history.

Central bankers are planning to eventually remove $1.43 trillion of housing debt from the balance sheet after critics such as Stanford University economist John Taylor accused them of straying beyond monetary policy. Philadelphia Fed President Charles Plosser said yesterday that the Fed’s purchases of housing debt expose it to demands from politicians to support other industries.

Taylor may have accused them of straying beyond monetary policy but stopped short of saying what I have - that The Fed's mandate and lawful authority stops at monetary policy.

Yes, I know all about 13(3).  That section of the Federal Reserve Act allows them to make loans to anyone (including individuals!) in "unusual and exigent circumstances."  They've done a lot of that too, and whether distasteful or not, it is clearly within the (current) confines of Fed authority.

But asset purchases are another matter.  I know all about the debate over the so-called CFRs but a CFR does not override a statute, and the statutes are clear - you need a full faith and credit guarantee for an asset to be able to be owned by The Fed.

The purpose behind this is clear on it's face as well - only such an irrevocable guarantee prevents the possibility of The Fed being used as a vehicle to subsidize losses taken on credit instruments by The American People without the consent of Congress.

Since all revenue bills must (by The Constitution) originate in The House, such a position and clause is necessary for The Federal Reserve Act to be Constitutional on its face.  Absent that requirement (in fact and practice, not in principle) The Fed is a blatantly unconstitutional body in that it has usurped the constitutional requirements for imposition of a tax or impost on the American People.

Plosser claims:

Some of the Fed’s emergency actions “blurred the line between monetary policy and fiscal policy, thereby increasing the risk to the Fed’s independence,” Plosser said in a speech. “These policies have veered toward deciding how public money should be allocated across firms and sectors of the economy.”

These "blurring of the lines" are not a risk to Fed independence they are blatantly unlawful as a violation of the Constitutional prohibition on the imposition of revenue and spending except through a bill originating in the House of Representatives.

What Plosser and others in The Fed (and beyond it) refuse to recognize and admit is that these "threats" to Fed independence have and are coming about as a direct consequence of The Fed's wanton violation of the highest law of the land - The US Constitution. 

By effectively appropriating funds, beginning with Maiden Lane I (Bear Stearns) which, by the way, is now showing a huge mark-to-market loss (despite claims by Bernanke that such a loss would not happen) and continuing through what I argue is an artifice of a structure with the Maiden Lane vehicles related to AIG, along with the Fannie and Freddie MBS subsidies The Fed has stepped beyond the bright white line that delineates its power and has decided to arrogate to itself the power of the purse - a power that under the Constitution is restricted to The House of Representatives.

That our Congress and Executive is too spineless to stand up to these clowns and throw the lot out on their ear, revoking The Federal Reserve Act due to the willful and wanton violation of the boundaries thereupon along with willful disregard for The Constitution, is where the real problem lies.

Plosser's bleating is amusing, but The Fed finds itself with this pressure as a direct and proximate consequence of its own actions, much like someone who complains about their thumb being in pain - after they hit it with their own hammer.

Wake up Chuck; you're well beyond requests that you smell the coffee - you spilled it down your shirt!

KC Fed's Hoenig said: